Acoustic Shock Wave-Induced Solid-State Fusion of Nanoparticles: A Case Study of the Conversion of One-Dimensional Rod Shape into Three-Dimensional Honeycomb Nanostructures of CdO for High-Performance Energy Storage Materials.

Herein, we describe the solid-state fusion of rod-shaped to honeycomb-shaped cadmium oxide particles (CdO NPs) caused by the process of repeated exposure to acoustic shock waves. Significant changes have been observed in structurally and morphologically dependent properties. For instance, at the 200-shocked condition, the high-pressure CdO-B2 phase is present as a secondary phase wherein all of the rod-shaped particles have been transformed into honeycomb-shaped CdO particles which possess comparatively higher specific-capacitance than CdO nanorods (NRs). The computed specific capacitance values for the 0, 100, and 200 shocked samples at a scan rate of 100 m V s-1 are computed to be 433, 415, and 583 F g-1, respectively. The second-stage decomposition temperature points of the CdO NPs have significantly increased in accordance with the morphological changes from rod to honeycomb patterns such that the values are 343, 526, and 534 °C, respectively, for 0, 100, and 200 shocked conditions. Note that such honeycomb nanostructured CdO particles by shock-wave processing have never been observed, to date. Due to the superior energy storage abilities as well as the spectacular high thermal stability of the honeycomb CdO nanostructures compared to CdO NRs, shocked CdO with honeycomb nanostructures can be considered as energy storage materials.

Spectroscopic assessment on the stability of benzophenone crystals at shock waves loaded condition.

In recent years, there have been few thousands of non-linear optical (NLO) materials proposed for a wide array of technological applications. But unfortunately, most of the materials do not fit into the actual standard required for the specific purposes in terms of their efficiency, environmental resistance, cost effectiveness, availability, stability and durability. Hence, searching for the most suitable material for every specific technological application has become the necessity of being a continuous process until it is found. For the present experiment, we have chosen benzophenone crystal for the shock wave recovery experiment. Raman and powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques have been utilized to evaluate the molecular and structural performances of the title material against the impact of shock waves and the obtained crystallographic structural properties are compared with potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KPD) crystal. The obtained Raman and XRD results demonstrate that the title material has high shock resistant property even though it is a mechanically soft material as well as it has very low melting point (48 °C).

Glycinium hydrogen fumarate glycine solvate monohydrate.

In the title compound, C(2)H(6)NO(2) (+)·C(4)H(3)O(4) (-)·C(2)H(5)NO(2)·H(2)O, the asymmetric unit contains two glycine residues, one protonated and one in the zwitterionic form, a hydrogen fumarate anion and a water mol-ecule. Through N-H⋯O and O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, mol-ecules assemble in layers parallel to the (10) plane, one layer of hydrogen fumarate anions alternating with two layers of glycine mol-ecules. In each glycine layer, hydrogen bonds generate an R(4) (4)(19) graph-set motif. Further hydrogen bonds involving the water mol-ecule and the hydrogen fumarate anions result in the formation of a three-dimensional network.

Hexaaqua-cadmium(II) dipicrate monohydrate.

In the structure of the title compound, [Cd(H(2)O)(6)](C(6)H(2)N(3)O(7))(2)·H(2)O, the Cd(II) ion is located on an inversion center and is coordinated by six water mol-ecules in an octa-hedral geometry. The picrate anions have no coordination inter-actions with the Cd(II) ion. The three nitro groups are twisted away from the attached benzene ring, making dihedral angles of 17.89 (3), 27.94 (4) and 13.65 (3)°. There are numerous O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds in the crystal structure, involving coordinated and uncoordinated water molecules.

Hexaaqua-zinc(II) dipicrate.

In the title compound, [Zn(H(2)O)(6)](C(6)H(2)N(3)O(7))(2), the Zn(II) ion is located on an inversion center and is coordinated by six water mol-ecules in an octa-hedral geometry. The picrate anions have no coordination inter-actions with the Zn(II) atom. The three nitro groups are twisted away from the attached benzene ring by19.8 (3), 6.5 (4) and 28.6 (3)°. There are numerous O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds in the crystal structure.